Konstitusionalitas Sistem Pemilu Proporsional Terbuka dalam Perspektif Pasal 22E UUD NRI Tahun 1945 dan Prinsip Kedaulatan Rakyat
The Constitutionality of the Open-List Proportional Electoral System from the Perspective of Article 22E of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and the Principle of Popular Sovereignty
Keywords:
Sistem Pemilu Proporsional Terbuka, Kedaulatan Rakyat, Konstitusionalitas, Pasal 22E UUD NRI 1945, Ambang Batas ParlemenAbstract
The open-list proportional electoral system implemented in Indonesia since the reform era positions voters as the direct determinants of legislative candidates' electability. Nevertheless, scholarly examination of the constitutionality of this system from the perspective of Article 22E of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and the principle of popular sovereignty as stipulated in Article 1 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution remains underexplored. This article aims to analyze the constitutionality of the open-list proportional electoral system based on constitutional provisions and to assess its relevance to the principle of popular sovereignty. This research employs a normative juridical method through statutory and conceptual approaches, analyzing primary and secondary legal materials. The findings indicate that the open-list proportional electoral system fulfills the normative construction of Article 22E of the 1945 Constitution, as it provides voters with the opportunity to directly determine legislative candidates, thereby aligning with the principle of popular sovereignty. However, the provisions under Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections still present several normative issues, particularly regarding the parliamentary threshold and the vote conversion mechanism, which potentially constrain the optimization of political representation. Therefore, regulatory refinement is necessary to strengthen the implementation of the principle of popular sovereignty in the administration of elections in Indonesia.
Keywords: Open-List Proportional Electoral System, Popular Sovereignty, Constitutionality, Article 22E of the 1945 Constitution, Parliamentary Threshold.
Abstrak
Sistem pemilu proporsional terbuka yang diterapkan di Indonesia sejak era reformasi menempatkan pemilih sebagai penentu langsung keterpilihan calon anggota legislatif. Meskipun demikian, kajian mengenai konstitusionalitas sistem tersebut dalam perspektif Pasal 22E UUD NRI Tahun 1945 dan prinsip kedaulatan rakyat sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 1 ayat (2) UUD NRI Tahun 1945 masih memerlukan pendalaman. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis konstitusionalitas sistem pemilu proporsional terbuka berdasarkan ketentuan konstitusi serta menilai relevansinya dengan prinsip kedaulatan rakyat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual dengan menganalisis bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem pemilu proporsional terbuka memenuhi konstruksi normatif Pasal 22E UUD NRI Tahun 1945 karena memberikan ruang bagi pemilih untuk menentukan secara langsung calon wakil rakyat, sehingga selaras dengan prinsip kedaulatan rakyat. Namun demikian, pengaturan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum masih menyisakan sejumlah persoalan normatif, khususnya terkait ambang batas parlemen dan mekanisme konversi suara, yang berpotensi membatasi optimalisasi representasi politik. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penyempurnaan regulasi guna memperkuat implementasi prinsip kedaulatan rakyat dalam penyelenggaraan pemilu di Indonesia.
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